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Al-Rafidain Journal for Sport Sciences (RJSS) is an international, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). It has been issued by the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences–University of Mosul (Mosul, Iraq) since January 1995, with two issues published annually.
RJSS is dedicated to the dissemination of scientific research across various disciplines within physical education and sports science. It aims to serve academic researchers, educators, and students by publishing high-quality, original research articles, review papers, and case reports.
The journal seeks to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and practical application by bringing together scholars, professionals, and members of the public sector engaged in the advancement of sports science. Areas of focus include, but are not limited to:
• Sports Training
• Exercise Physiology
• Biomechanics
• Measurement and Evaluation
• Sport Psychology
• Motor Learning
• Teaching Methods
• Sports Management
• Philosophy and History of Physical Education
• Sports Media
Relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Sports Education Research
- Excellent Health and Well-being:
The goal is to promote healthy lifestyles through regular physical activity and sports, thereby reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. - Quality Education:
Integrating physical education as a core component of school curricula and fostering lifelong learning skills through sports and physical activities. - Gender Equality:
Encourage equal participation by women and girls in sports activities and empower them through sports-based programs. - Decent Work and Economic Growth:
Expanding employment opportunities in areas such as coaching, sports management, and physical rehabilitation, thereby contributing to the growth of the sports economy. - Reduced Inequalities:
Ensuring equitable access to sports for individuals with disabilities and vulnerable groups is crucial for promoting inclusive participation in physical activities. - Sustainable Cities and Communities:
Sports play a crucial role in fostering social cohesion, reducing violence and delinquency, and creating safe, accessible recreational spaces for youth. - Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions:
Sports can be utilized as a tool to strengthen a culture of peace, tolerance, teamwork, and ethical values within society.
Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences (RJSS) is an open-access, global, and scientific journal, publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). The College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Mosul University (Mosul, Iraq), has published this journal twice a year since January 1995. The iThEnticate program is used to prevent impersonation and ensure the authenticity of the search. The double-blind resident review system is also used to ensure the quality of the publication. Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences (RJSS) publishes original research, review research, and case reports in various fields of physical education and sports science. The research publication fee for Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences is only $100. Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences receives no material support from governmental or non-governmental organizations.
Current Issue
Vol. 29 No. 91 (2026): VOL.29 NO.91
Contents
Physical Education and Sport Sciences
Constructing a Scale for the Perceived Justice of VAR Technology among Football Referees
Akram Naktal Mohammed Ali, Nagham Khaled Najeeb
Football has developed significantly in recent years, and one of the most prominent developments has been the introduction of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology. This development is...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.61863
The Effect of Using Flipped Learning and Blended Learning Strategies on Learning Some Basic Handball Skills Among Students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
Shahed Jumaah Abdulzahra, Tamara Sabah Crook
Modern educational processes have increasingly shifted toward adopting learner -centered strategies that promote active learning, particularly in motor learning, which requires continuous...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.62147
Factor Structure of Anthropometric Measurements of Middle School Students
Suod Al-hyaly, Thelam Younis Alawi
This study examines the factor structure of anthropometric measurements in middle school students to better understand the nature of their healthy growth process. This research aims to...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.62204
The Effect of a Rehabilitation Program on Improving Dynamic Balance and Functional Stability of the Ankle Joint in Tennis Players with Grade II Ankle Sprain
Ahmed Ali Hussein
The research aims to : Ankle joint injuries are among the most prevalent injuries in sports, particularly in tennis, due to the high demands of rapid movements, sudden stops, changes in...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.62351
A Study of the Relationship Between Body Composition and Anaerobic Capacities Among Students of the College of Basic Education
Baraa AbdAlkareem Hazem, Amaar Moyed Omar, Husam Ali Ghanem
The importance of the research lies in understanding the relationship between body composition (fat, muscle, water) and anaerobic energy systems in designing customized training strategies that...
DOI: 10.33899/c1nbmr34
The Impact of a Visual Thinking Educational Program Based on Several Sustainable Development Goals on Learning Some Basic Badminton Skills
Aya Marwan Basheer, Nawfal Fadhil Rashid
Scientific research has demonstrated the importance of sustainable development for teachers and educational leaders. Therefore, understanding sustainable development and scientific research is a...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.62680
The Effectiveness of a Deep Learning Model Supported by Smart Tools in Learning the Volleyball Serve Skill Among Students
Adnan Abduljabbar Shahatha
The deep learning model, supported by smart tools, is one of the modern models used in teaching physical education, especially in volleyball, due to the rapid development in artificial...
DOI: 10.33899/yq841s59
Sports Culture and its Relationship to the Level of Sporting Ambition Among Players of Soccer Clubs in Mosul City
Ayman Waleed Altaie
Culture is a mirror of society that expresses its development and distinction from other societies. It reflects the community's heritage, values, beliefs, history, and the intellectual and...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63342
The Effect of the Cognitive Acceleration Model Based on Cooperative Learning on Learning Certain Motor Skills and Cognitive Achievement in Football for Students
Muhanad Mohammed Kareem
Football is a team sport that requires students to have motor skills as well as technical and rule-related knowledge to perform effectively in practice. Therefore, employing the Accelerated...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63429
The Effect of Special Exercises on Developing Motor Coordination and Learning the Art of Performing Certain Motor Skills in Football
Amd Sarmad Abdul Munem, Marwan Mustafa Sami
Football is one of the most important sports, contributing to the improvement and development of physical and harmonic qualities, and special exercises are important for perfecting motor harmony...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63500
Cyberbullying and its Relationship to Self-Confidence among Young Athletes
Haider Mohsen Al-Saadawi
Young athletes are among the most vulnerable to this type of bullying due to their constant participation in sports competitions, their use of social media, and their public appearances, which...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63501
The Impact of Educational Exercises Based on the Presley Thinking Model on Teaching Basic Futsal Skills to Beginners
Hala Adnan Saadi
Learning is one of the most important outcomes of science, as it is a continuous mental process that aims to bring about an organized and permanent change in the behavior of the individual and...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63601
The Effect of Using Rehabilitative Exercises Accompanied by Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the Rehabilitation of Grade II Lateral Ankle Ligament Sprains among Young Basketball Players
karar Jamal Mohammed Ali, Abbas Ali Nasser, Ghaith Hamed Shaker
Ankle joint injuries are among the most common in young basketball players because of frequent jumping, landing, and rapid changes of direction. These injuries may reduce the joint's functional...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63663
Learning Motivation and Its Relationship to Learning the Discus Throw Skill among Students
Mayasa Abd Kadhim, Lamyaa Hassan Mohammed, Sarah Sami Shbeeb
The importance of this research stems from its aim to provide a scientific perspective on the impact of learning motivation on discus throw performance and to reveal the nature of the...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63694
Administrative Practices and Their Role in the Relationship Between Leaders and Members of Their Administrative Boards
Ahmed Husain Al-Saadoun
The study of administrative practices and the relationship between leaders and members of their administrative boards is considered an important administrative topic, particularly when applied to...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63719
Ethical Leadership of Iraqi Premier League Football Club Administrations and its Role in Organizational Attractiveness
Zaid Zuhair Ezzulddin Al-Tai
Leadership in sports organizations is a fundamental pillar contributing to the success and effectiveness of institutional sports operations. For these organizations, particularly sports clubs, to...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63737
Employing Analytical Artificial Intelligence to Analyze Skill Patterns and Classify Performance Levels among Junior Handball Players
Saleh Nasser Rashid
Handball is considered one of the team sports characterized by high speed and continuous changes in game situations, making performance evaluation a relatively complex process due to the...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.63792
An Analytical Study of the 2026 U.S. Dietary Guidelines in Light of Athletes’ Nutritional Needs Across Different Types of Physical Activity
Ahmed Salah Muflih, الأستاذ الدكتور
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) for 2026 can serve as an essential framework for improving public health, but it remains controversial whether they meet athletes' nutritional needs,...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.62247
The Relationship Between Motor Skill Levels and Participation in Physical Activity Among Primary School Students in Jordan
Anoud Maan Soub, Meryem Savaşlı Gülaç
The interdependent relationship between the kinetic skills and levels of physical activity in early childhood plays a central role in shaping children’s health and developmental trajectories....
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.62323
The Role of Social Media in Stimulating Fan Engagement and its Impact on Brand Equity in Sports Teams
Ali Ismael ALkhafajee
Social media has completely changed how sports teams engage with their fans, giving them new ways to communicate, build fan loyalty, and build brand equity. This study looks at social...
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.v29i91.62957
