2025-07-28 Al-Rafidain Journal of sport Sciences welcomes you

Al-Rafidain Journal for Sport Sciences (RJSS) is an international, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). It has been issued by the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences–University of Mosul (Mosul, Iraq) since January 1995, with two issues published annually.

RJSS is dedicated to the dissemination of scientific research across various disciplines within physical education and sports science. It aims to serve academic researchers, educators, and students by publishing high-quality, original research articles, review papers, and case reports.

The journal seeks to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and practical application by bringing together scholars, professionals, and members of the public sector engaged in the advancement of sports science. Areas of focus include, but are not limited to:
• Sports Training
• Exercise Physiology
• Biomechanics
• Measurement and Evaluation
• Sport Psychology
• Motor Learning
• Teaching Methods
• Sports Management
• Philosophy and History of Physical Education
• Sports Media

Relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Sports Education Research

  1. Excellent Health and Well-being:
    The goal is to promote healthy lifestyles through regular physical activity and sports, thereby reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders.
  2. Quality Education:
    Integrating physical education as a core component of school curricula and fostering lifelong learning skills through sports and physical activities.
  3. Gender Equality:
    Encourage equal participation by women and girls in sports activities and empower them through sports-based programs.
  4. Decent Work and Economic Growth:
    Expanding employment opportunities in areas such as coaching, sports management, and physical rehabilitation, thereby contributing to the growth of the sports economy.
  5. Reduced Inequalities:
    Ensuring equitable access to sports for individuals with disabilities and vulnerable groups is crucial for promoting inclusive participation in physical activities.
  6. Sustainable Cities and Communities:
    Sports play a crucial role in fostering social cohesion, reducing violence and delinquency, and creating safe, accessible recreational spaces for youth.
  7. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions:
    Sports can be utilized as a tool to strengthen a culture of peace, tolerance, teamwork, and ethical values within society.

Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences (RJSS) is an open-access, global, and scientific journal, publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). The College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Mosul University (Mosul, Iraq), has published this journal twice a year since January 1995. The iThEnticate program is used to prevent impersonation and ensure the authenticity of the search. The double-blind resident review system is also used to ensure the quality of the publication. Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences (RJSS) publishes original research, review research, and case reports in various fields of physical education and sports science. The research publication fee for Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences is only $100. Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences receives no material support from governmental or non-governmental organizations.

Vol. 28 No. 87 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 87

Volume 28 Issue 87

Published: 2025-04-01

Contents


Research Paper
The extent to which physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate apply professional performance standards

Mustafa Mohammed Yousif, Ethar ِAbdul Kareem Al-Memary

The study aimed to identify the degree of application of physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate to professional performance standards and to determine whether there were differences in...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187487

Pages: 1-17
The effect of hypoxic exercises using an altitude training mask on some lung functions after physical exertion for young soccer players

Ameer Talal Wadeea, Ahmed Abdulghani Al- Dabaagh

Study Aims to: Revealing the effect of hypoxic training exercises using an altitude training mask on some lung functions during physical exertion in a sample of young soccer players.To achieve the...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187250

Pages: 18-32
Developing a Scale to Measure the Quality of Performance in E-Learning for Faculty Members in the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq

Omar Sameer Hamoo, Safa Mandel Agagg

The study objective is:Developing a Scale for the Quality of E-Learning Performance for Faculty Members of Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq.Establishing Normative Levels...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187295

Pages: 33-52
The Big Five Personality Traits Among Female Students in Colleges and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Raheeq Matti Abdulmaseeh, Odeed Odisho Assi

The current study aims to identify the level of the Big Five personality traits among female students in colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences, as well as the...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187303

Pages: 53-75
A comparative study of the aerobic power of team and individual game players

Saman Maghdid Abdullah, Hashim Ahmed Sulaiman

This study is a comparative analysis of aerobic capacity in team sport players versus individual sport athletes using indirect measurements.A total of 28 players from team sports (football or...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187298

Pages: 76-87
The Effect of Special Endurance Training Using Production, Maintenance, and Mixed Methods on the Development of Strength Endurance and Speed Endurance for Soccer Players

Abdul-Jabbar Abdul Razzaq Al-Hasso, Asghar fadhil Alhamoka

Study Aims to:investigate the effect of special endurance training using the production method on a number of physical variables among youth soccer players. The researchers used the experimental...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187260

Pages: 88-99
The impact of direct and indirect mental training on developing self-efficacy and learning several wrestling holds in freestyle wrestling.

Hussein Ahmed Al Bayati

The study aims to explore:The effect of mental training (direct and indirect) on developing self-efficacy among third-year students.The superiority of the two educational curriculadirect and...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2024.145723.1213

Pages: 100-120
Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on Respiratory Muscle Strength

chyavan mohammed almufti, Ahmed Abdulghani Taha

Background: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) put an extra load on the diaphragm, being an accessory to the inspiratory muscles, to improve their strength. Objective: the objective of this study...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187262

Pages: 121-132
The effectiveness of the athletic self-support program in free will among high school students in the center of Nineveh Governorate

Nashwan Mohmmed Alobaidy, Nadhim Shaker Al-Wattar

The study aims to identify the level of free will among preparatory school students on the left side of Mosul District Center and examine the effectiveness of using a self-reinforcement sports...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187296

Pages: 133-152
The relationship of a number of bio-kinematic variables of the striking arm for the main phase with the accuracy of serving from the right side for squash players

Yahya Aaed Yahya, saad nafae aldulimi

The study aims to identify the values of several bio-kinematic variables of the striking arm in the semi-high serve of the squash game and to understand the relationship between these variables and...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187265

Pages: 153-169
College of Physical Education & Sport Sciences/ University of Duhok

Nabhan Fazea Alugaidi, Mahmood Hamdoon Alhiali

The study aimed to investigate:The differences in a number of physical variables among the players of the first experimental group, which used the low-pressure method, between the pre-test and...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187302

Pages: 170-197
Building a Scale for the Role of School Principals in Practicing Sports Activities from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers in the Schools of the General Directorate of Education in Erbil

Hersh Yousif Hamad Ameen, Falih Ja’az Alqaisi, Dlnia Hussien Rasool

The study aims to develop a scale by identifying the role of school principals in practicing sports activities from the perspective of physical education teachers in schools under the General...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187264

Pages: 198-219
Administrative Bullying in Primary School Administrations in the Center of Nineveh Governorate from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers

Ahmad Idrees ALTaee

Study Aims to:Reveal the degree of administrative bullying among the administrations of primary schools in the center of Nineveh Governorate from the perspective of physical education teachers, as...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187256

Pages: 220-241
The relationship between a number of bio-kinematic variables and the response speed of futsal goalkeepers when executing the penalty kick (6 meters) to the right corners of the goal (lower and upper)

Athamr Iyad Younis, Nashat Bashir Al Hasawy

Study Aims to:identify the relationship between the values of bio-kinematic variables and the values of the response speed of futsal goalkeepers when executing the penalty kick (6 meters) to the...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187255

Pages: 242-265
An analysis of several bio-kinematic variables of the skill of shooting on the move with the instep from a distance of 10 meters and their relationship to accuracy among futsal players

Shahad Jasim Alshrabe, Zainab Mustafa Thannoon

The importance of the study lies in studying a number of biomechanical variables that help find appropriate solutions to avoid weaknesses during the shooting-on-the-move process for futsal players....

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187300

Pages: 266-291
The impact of the (4H) strategy on developing systemic thinking and acquiring the performance art of the javelin throw effectiveness

Rabee Muhammad Sulaiman, Mohammed Mahdi Ombarak, Alan Naif Nabi

Study Objective:The study explores the impact of the (4H) strategy on developing systemic thinking and acquiring the performance art of javelin throw effectiveness. To achieve the study's...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187301

Pages: 292-315
The Effect of a Rehabilitation Program Using a TENS Device on Thigh Muscle Atrophy in Football Players with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears After Surgical Intervention

Sabhan Younis Alhayali

The study aimed to develop a rehabilitation program using the Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) device along with rehabilitation exercises for individuals with anterior cruciate...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187299

Pages: 316-326
The impact of educational units using modeling and interactive video on learning the movement sequence on the floor exercise apparatus in artistic gymnastics for students

Aws Basim Bdaiwi, ameer jaber mushref, jasim nafi hummadi

The study aims to explore the impact of educational units using modeling and interactive video on learning the movement sequence on the floor exercise apparatus in artistic gymnastics for students....

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187488

Pages: 327-339
The response of some antioxidants to 50m and 400m freestyle swimming

Amjad Hatem Ahmad

The primary function of antioxidants is to prevent cellular oxidation, which leads to the production of free radicals. Free radicals are atoms that have lost an electron, making them chemically...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187261

Pages: 340-355
The effectiveness of the educational corner's strategy in the cognitive acquisition of some basic volleyball skills

rayan khaled Alkhateeb, Abdalaziz Mahmoud Alakidi

The study aims to explore:Identify the differences between the pre-test and post-test results in the cognitive achievement of some basic volleyball skills for the experimental group, which was...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187297

Pages: 356-377
The effect of using video feedback on learning and retaining the skill of tucked backward dismount on parallel bars of varying heights in gymnastics

Khalid Mohmmed Sha’aban

The study aims to explore:Differences in the results of the pre-test and post-test between the experimental and control groups in learning the tucked backward dismount skill on parallel bars of...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187294

Pages: 378-391
Sports insurance is the responsibility of sports institutions to reduce risks for young players

Azah Kmiran Ahmed, Nesreen abdaulla armanazi, Marwa Farghaly Gaber

This study aims to explore the nature of insurance against sports injuries and field risks for young players in Saudi Arabia. Researchers employed the descriptive survey method and designed a...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187489

Pages: 392-422
Analysis of Some Biomechanical Variables of the Heading Skill from a Jump and Their Relationship to Shooting Accuracy in Advanced Football Players

Zaid Abd alsattar Alazawi

The study aimed to develop a test for the accuracy of heading the ball from a jump and to analyze certain biomechanical variables to identify common errors made by players while performing this...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187263

Pages: 423-441
The Relationship of Mindfulness Dimensions with Strategic Thinking in the Attacking Third among Football Players

Mohammed AbdAlsalam Alsofarje

This study aimed to identify the relationship between mindfulness and strategic thinking among first-division football players. The study er hypothesized that there are statistically significant...

DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187490

Pages: 442-457