Attitudes of Faculty Members in Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Iraqi Universities toward E-Learning

Section: Physical Education and Sport Sciences
Issue
Vol. 28 No. 88 (2025): Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences
Published
Oct 24, 2025
Pages
182-203

Abstract

Study Objectives



  1. To develop a scale that measures attitudes toward e-learning among faculty members of Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences in Iraq.

  2. To assess the level of attitudes toward e-learning among faculty members of Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences in Iraq.


The descriptive method with a survey approach was used because it fits the nature of this study. The study population included faculty members from the Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Iraqi universities during the 2022–2023 academic year, totaling 1,238 members across 18 universities.


The construction and application samples included 320 faculty members from the original study population, randomly selected and divided into a construction sample and an application sample. The construction sample consisted of 200 faculty members, including a pilot sample of 20 faculty members and a statistical analysis sample of 180 faculty members. The application sample comprised 120 faculty members from the Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences.


The final version of the instrument included 35 items spread across five domains. The researchers used the following statistical methods to analyze the data: percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s simple correlation coefficient, and the standard score (6-sigma).


Findings



  1. A 35-item scale was developed to measure faculty members' attitudes toward e-learning in Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences in Iraq.

  2. Normative levels for measuring attitudes toward e-learning among the target faculty members were established.

  3. The overall attitude of faculty members in Iraq's Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences toward e-learning was found to be moderate.


Recommendations


Use the attitude scale developed in this study to evaluate the level of e-learning orientation among faculty members in the Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences in Iraq, and refer to the normative levels table established by the study

References

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Authors

Safa Mandel Ajaj

The Open Educational College

Omer Sameer Malla Hamoo

University of Mosul

Identifiers

https://doi.org/10.33899/rjss.v28i88.53592
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How to Cite

Mandel Ajaj ص. . . . . ., & Sameer Malla Hamoo ع. (2025). Attitudes of Faculty Members in Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Iraqi Universities toward E-Learning. Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences, 28(88), 182–203. https://doi.org/10.33899/rjss.v28i88.53592

Author Biography

Omer Sameer Malla Hamoo (University of Mosul)

College of Physical Education and Sport Science

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