Building a Scale for the Role of School Principals in Practicing Sports Activities from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers in the Schools of the General Directorate of Education in Erbil

The study aims to develop a scale by identifying the role of school principals in practicing sports activities from the perspective of physical education teachers in schools under the General Directorate of Education in Erbil.The researchers used the descriptive survey method as it was suitable for the nature of the study. The total study population included all physical education teachers from the Erbil Directorate of Education, both in the city center and surrounding areas. The participants were selected using a comprehensive census approach, totaling 845 physical education teachers for the academic year 2023-2024.The construction sample consisted of 402 teachers, representing 47.57% of the population. Additionally, the researchers selected an exploratory sample of 20 teachers (2.37%), while the application sample included 389 teachers (46.04%). In total, the three study samples comprised 811 teachers, accounting for 95.98% of the study population. The remaining 34 teachers (4.03%) did not respond or their responses were inaccurate.To achieve the study objectives, the researchers built the scale using the construction sample and conducted all necessary scientific validations, including validity, reliability, and objectivity. The final version of the scale consisted of 31 items distributed across three main dimensions:Administrative and financial capabilities (11 items)Supervision of physical education classes (10 items)Health and social care (10 items)The response options were divided into five levels: Always, Often, Sometimes, Rarely, and Never, assigned weights of 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively. The total maximum score on the scale was 155, while the minimum score was 31.The researchers reached the following conclusions:The developed scale is valid for assessing the role of school principals in practicing school sports activities across three dimensions: administrative and financial capabilities, supervision of physical education classes, and health and social care.All three dimensions of the scale demonstrated a high level of performance.The administrative and financial capabilities dimension ranked first, followed by health and social care in second place, and supervision of physical education classes in third place