Variables of Biological Superiority in a Selection Sample of Junior Track and Field Athletes in Mosul City

The research aims to identify the variables of biological superiority related to (anthropometric measurements, body composition, and respiratory variables), by examining the differences between a sample of superior and non-superior individuals in these variables. The researcher used the descriptive method with a survey approach due to its suitability for the current study. The experiment was conducted on a sample of athletes selected for track and field events, aged (12-14), who excelled in the initial selection tests for the "Olympic Champion and Sports Talent for Track and Field" project. They represent a segment of middle school students in the city of Mosul. The researcher referred to them as the "Superior" group. Another sample was taken from the students of those schools from which the athlete sample was drawn, with the selection being random according to the age proportions represented by the first part of the athletes. The researcher referred to them as the "Non-Superior" group. The research procedures included conducting anthropometric measurements, measuring body composition variables, and measuring respiratory variables for the study sample.

The researcher used the following statistical methods: (Arithmetic Mean, Standard Deviation, and the (t) test for two independent samples). The researcher reached the following conclusions:

• Biological measurements related to anthropometric measurements, represented by (body height, body weight, trunk length with head, arm length with hand, leg length, shoulder width, knee width, triceps skinfold thickness), favored the Superior sample represented by the Olympic Champion and Sports Talent sample over their peers from the same community.


• Biological measurements related to body composition, represented by (total fat percentage, fat-free mass, total body water weight, percentage of total body muscle mass, metabolic rate), favored the Superior sample represented by the Olympic Champion and Sports Talent sample over their peers from the same community.

•Biological measurements related to respiratory variables (inspiratory vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, inspiratory time, expiratory time) favored the Superior sample represented by the Olympic Champion and Sports Talent sample over their peers from the same community.