https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci <p><strong>Rafidain Journal of Science (RJS) </strong>is a scientific and open access journal. Publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY), this journal is published quarterly issues by the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq. We are using iThenticate to prevent plagiarism and ensure our submitted manuscripts' originality. A double-blind peer-reviewing system uses to assure the publication's quality<strong>. RJS </strong>publishes original articles, review papers in the field of Chemistry, Physics and Biology. This journal has been indexed in IASJ. RJS requires a 100 US$ fee for publishing an accepted manuscript. Any governmental or non-governmental organization does not financially support the journal. The authors will retain full copyright with unconstrained publishing rights.</p> en-US [email protected] (Professor Dr. Amera M. Al-Rawi) [email protected] (Ms. Zahraa Qutji) Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.7 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49942 <![CDATA[Overuse of analgesics, particularly readily available over-the-counter (OTC) medications like acetaminophen, aspirin, and other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), contributes to a worldwide problem of analgesic misuse in both developed and developing nations. NSAIDs are a necessary choice for managing pain because they target the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) pathway, which is central to both inflammation and pain signaling. They work by targeting two cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, which reduces the production of prostaglandins (PGs). The clinical utility of these agents is limited by their potential to induce adverse effects, notably acute kidney injury (AKI), which may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in severe or prolonged cases. Renal function is susceptible to alteration by NSAIDs via inhibition of COX-1 (regulating renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate) and/or COX-2 (mediating sodium and water excretion).This study aimed to investigate the effect of analgesic medications, including Voltaren (diclofenac), Profen (ibuprofen), and Panadol (paracetamol/acetaminophen), on kidney function, specifically assessing creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentration. Sixty participants were enrolled in the study and divided into four groups of 15 individuals each: 15 individuals taking Voltaren, 15 individuals taking Profen, 15 individuals taking Panadol, and 15 individuals not using any analgesic medications, who served as the control group.There was a significant increase in concentration of each of urea, uric acid, creatinine after four months of having the drugs that mention above compared with control group.]]> baraa jumaa taha, Muntaha M. Al-Qattan Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49942 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49943 <![CDATA[]]> Azza Adel AL- Tai Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49943 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49944 <![CDATA[]]> Ali Maan Ayoub Al Sultan, Muna H. Jankeer Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49944 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49945 <![CDATA[]]> khalid Sh. Muhmmod, Zuheer N. Majeed, mahmood A. hamood Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49945 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49946 <![CDATA[]]> Abdullah R. Mohammed, Ahmed N. Mahmood, Rasheed M. Yousif Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49946 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49947 <![CDATA[]]> Abbas A. Kareem, Yasir A. Aljawadi, Thoalfiqar Ali Zaker Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49947 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49948 <![CDATA[]]> Noor Abdullah Othman, Salm Sadiq Mohammed Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49948 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49949 <![CDATA[]]> Mohanad Muayad Alyas, Muhammed S. Alsheikhjader Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49949 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49951 <![CDATA[]]> Chya Ameer Bakr, Zakariya A. Hussein Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49951 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49952 <![CDATA[]]> Raghda M.A. Al-Ani Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49952 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49953 <![CDATA[]]> Yahya A.K. Salman, Ahmed Subhi Ali, edrees edaan Al-obeidi Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49953 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49954 <![CDATA[]]> Jamal A. Rasho, Ayad J. Jarjees Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49954 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49956 <![CDATA[]]> Rehab ِA. AL-Baker, Nour A.N. Al-Rashedy, laith ahmed najam, Yasser S. Rammah Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49956 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49950 <![CDATA[]]> Ghufran Th. Sadeek, Neam H. Saleem, Mohammed M. Ahmed, Mohanad Y. Saleh, Moayad J. Mohammd Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49950 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49955 <![CDATA[]]> Mazin Ahmed Abed, Mudatheer Muhammed Slivani, mahmoood ahmad hamood Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49955 Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000