https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/issue/feed 2025-10-01T09:20:44+00:00 Professor Dr. Amera M. Al-Rawi [email protected] Open Journal Systems <p><strong>Rafidain Journal of Science (RJS) </strong>is a scientific and open access journal. Publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY), this journal is published quarterly issues by the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq. We are using iThenticate to prevent plagiarism and ensure our submitted manuscripts' originality. A double-blind peer-reviewing system uses to assure the publication's quality<strong>. RJS </strong>publishes original articles, review papers in the field of Chemistry, Physics and Biology. This journal has been indexed in IASJ. RJS requires a 100 US$ fee for publishing an accepted manuscript. Any governmental or non-governmental organization does not financially support the journal. The authors will retain full copyright with unconstrained publishing rights.</p> https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49942 2025-10-01T09:20:26+00:00 baraa jumaa taha [email protected] Muntaha M. Al-Qattan [email protected]

<![CDATA[Overuse of analgesics, particularly readily available over-the-counter (OTC) medications like acetaminophen, aspirin, and other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), contributes to a worldwide problem of analgesic misuse in both developed and developing nations. NSAIDs are a necessary choice for managing pain because they target the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) pathway, which is central to both inflammation and pain signaling. They work by targeting two cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, which reduces the production of prostaglandins (PGs). The clinical utility of these agents is limited by their potential to induce adverse effects, notably acute kidney injury (AKI), which may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in severe or prolonged cases. Renal function is susceptible to alteration by NSAIDs via inhibition of COX-1 (regulating renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate) and/or COX-2 (mediating sodium and water excretion).This study aimed to investigate the effect of analgesic medications, including Voltaren (diclofenac), Profen (ibuprofen), and Panadol (paracetamol/acetaminophen), on kidney function, specifically assessing creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentration. Sixty participants were enrolled in the study and divided into four groups of 15 individuals each: 15 individuals taking Voltaren, 15 individuals taking Profen, 15 individuals taking Panadol, and 15 individuals not using any analgesic medications, who served as the control group.There was a significant increase in concentration of each of urea, uric acid, creatinine after four months of having the drugs that mention above compared with control group.]]>

2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49943 2025-10-01T09:20:28+00:00 Azza Adel AL- Tai -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49944 2025-10-01T09:20:31+00:00 Ali Maan Ayoub Al Sultan [email protected] Muna H. Jankeer -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49945 2025-10-01T09:20:32+00:00 khalid Sh. Muhmmod - Zuheer N. Majeed - mahmood A. hamood -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49946 2025-10-01T09:20:33+00:00 Abdullah R. Mohammed - Ahmed N. Mahmood - Rasheed M. Yousif -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49947 2025-10-01T09:20:34+00:00 Abbas A. Kareem - Yasir A. Aljawadi - Thoalfiqar Ali Zaker -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49948 2025-10-01T09:20:35+00:00 Noor Abdullah Othman [email protected] Salm Sadiq Mohammed [email protected]

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49949 2025-10-01T09:20:37+00:00 Mohanad Muayad Alyas - Muhammed S. Alsheikhjader -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49951 2025-10-01T09:20:39+00:00 Chya Ameer Bakr [email protected] Zakariya A. Hussein [email protected]

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49952 2025-10-01T09:20:40+00:00 Raghda M.A. Al-Ani [email protected]

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49953 2025-10-01T09:20:41+00:00 Yahya A.K. Salman - Ahmed Subhi Ali - edrees edaan Al-obeidi -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49954 2025-10-01T09:20:42+00:00 Jamal A. Rasho - Ayad J. Jarjees -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49956 2025-10-01T09:20:44+00:00 Rehab ِA. AL-Baker [email protected] Nour A.N. Al-Rashedy [email protected] laith ahmed najam [email protected] Yasser S. Rammah -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49950 2025-10-01T09:20:38+00:00 Ghufran Th. Sadeek - Neam H. Saleem - Mohammed M. Ahmed - Mohanad Y. Saleh - Moayad J. Mohammd -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) https://rsprs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49955 2025-10-01T09:20:43+00:00 Mazin Ahmed Abed - Mudatheer Muhammed Slivani - mahmoood ahmad hamood -

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2025-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c)